1.Introduction. 2.Electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter. 3.Techniques and tools for the measurement of absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation. 4.The application of ultraviolet and visible absorption measurements. 5.Atomic absorption spectroscopy. 6.Infrared absorption spectroscopy. 7.Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 8.Fluorescence spectrometry. 9.Methods based upon light scattering. 10.Emission spectroscopy. 11.Flame emission spectroscopy. 12.Refractometry. 13.Polarimetry, optical rotatory dispersion, and circular dischroism. 14.X-ray methods. 15.Mass spectrometry. 16.Radiochemical methods. 17.Introduction to electroanalytical chemistry. 18.Potentiometric methods. 19.Conductometric methods. 20.Electrogravimetric methods. 21.Coulometric methods of analysis. 22.Voltammetry. 23.Chromatographic and other fractionaytion methods. 24.Gas-liquid chromatography.